Total, Volatile, and Fixed Solids - Revision history

Raymond RedCorn at 11:49, 26 August 2019

2019-08-26T11:49:24Z

Raymond RedCorn: fixed citation

2019-02-28T23:56:52Z

fixed citation

Raymond RedCorn at 23:55, 28 February 2019

2019-02-28T23:55:02Z

Raymond RedCorn at 23:43, 28 February 2019

2019-02-28T23:43:41Z

Raymond RedCorn: /* Procedure */

2019-02-28T23:43:03Z

Procedure

Raymond RedCorn: /* Precision and Sources of Error */

2019-02-28T23:41:50Z

Precision and Sources of Error

Raymond RedCorn: Raymond RedCorn moved page Total Solids and Volatile Solids to Total, Volatile, and Fixed Solids

2019-02-28T23:39:43Z

Raymond RedCorn moved page Total Solids and Volatile Solids to Total, Volatile, and Fixed Solids

Raymond RedCorn at 23:39, 28 February 2019

2019-02-28T23:39:12Z

Raymond RedCorn: Created page with "

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 == Discussion ==<!-- Discuss the purpose, the suitability of the method for certain situations, and the fundamentals science behind the method.-->
 The principle is to dry off water to determine the solids, and burn of volatiles to determine the volatile solids and fixed solids. This method is commonly used for characterizing sludges from wastewater treatment.
 == Materials and Equipment ==<!-- Any tubes, pipette tips ect. -->

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==== '''This method is also called:''' ====
-==== '''This method is adapted from: <!-- Citation -->''' 2540 B and E of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater<ref>{{Cite book|title=Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater|last=Rice1, Baird2, Eaton3, Clesceri4|first=Eugene1, Baird2, Eaton3, Clesceri4|publisher=American Public Health Association|year=2012|isbn=978087553-013-0|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=2-64}}</ref>====
+==== '''This method is adapted from: <!-- Citation -->''' 2540 B and E of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater<ref>{{Cite book|title=Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater|last=Rice, Baird, Eaton, Clesceri|publisher=American Public Health Association|year=2012|isbn=978087553-013-0|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=2-64}}</ref>====
 == Discussion ==<!-- Discuss the purpose, the suitability of the method for certain situations, and the fundamentals science behind the method.-->

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 == Discussion ==<!-- Discuss the purpose, the suitability of the method for certain situations, and the fundamentals science behind the method.-->
-The principle is to dry off water to determine the solids, and burn of volatiles to determine the volatile solids. This method is commonly used for characterizing sludges from wastewater treatment. This procedure is adapted
+The principle is to dry off water to determine the solids, and burn of volatiles to determine the volatile solids and fixed solids. This method is commonly used for characterizing sludges from wastewater treatment.
 == Materials and Equipment ==<!-- Any tubes, pipette tips ect. -->

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 #  Remove crucible from muffle furnace and cool in open air partially, then a desiccator until it is the temperature of the scale and weigh the dish with contents. Record results as “D<sub>b1</sub>”.
 # Repeat igniting in the muffle furnace for 10 to 15 minutes, cooling outside then inside the desiccator and weighing until the weight change is less than 4% or 0.5 mg, whichever is less. Record results as “D<sub>b2</sub>, D<sub>b3</sub>, ect”. Use the last “D<sub>b</sub>” value recorded as the final measurement for the equation below.  Duplicate measurements should agree within 5% of their average.
-# Calculate the Total Solids , Volatile Solids , and Fixed Solids ( in g/L for each of the three samples that were selected in the previous step (Equations below). <br/>
+# Calculate the Total Solids , Volatile Solids , and Fixed Solids ( in g/L for each of the three samples that were selected in the previous step (Equations below).
 Total Solids (g/L) = ((A<sub>b</sub>-B<sub>b</sub>) x 1000)/C<sub>b</sub> (ml)

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 #  Remove crucible from muffle furnace and cool in open air partially, then a desiccator until it is the temperature of the scale and weigh the dish with contents. Record results as “D<sub>b1</sub>”.
 # Repeat igniting in the muffle furnace for 10 to 15 minutes, cooling outside then inside the desiccator and weighing until the weight change is less than 4% or 0.5 mg, whichever is less. Record results as “D<sub>b2</sub>, D<sub>b3</sub>, ect”. Use the last “D<sub>b</sub>” value recorded as the final measurement for the equation below.  Duplicate measurements should agree within 5% of their average.
-# Calculate the Total Solids , Volatile Solids , and Fixed Solids ( in g/L for each of the three samples that were selected in the previous step (Equations below).
+# Calculate the Total Solids , Volatile Solids , and Fixed Solids ( in g/L for each of the three samples that were selected in the previous step (Equations below). <br/>
 Total Solids (g/L) = ((A<sub>b</sub>-B<sub>b</sub>) x 1000)/C<sub>b</sub> (ml)
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 Fixed Solids (g/L) =  ((D<sub>b</sub>-B<sub>b</sub>) x 1000)/C<sub>b</sub> (ml)
 Average the results for all samples acquired.
 ==Common Mistakes==

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 |}
-==Precision and Sources of Error==
+==Precision and Interference==
 Calcium, magnesium, chloride and sulfate ions may bind water and prevent it from evaporating in the oven. High amounts of carbonate or bicarbonate in the water can form a crust which prevents additional water from evaporating.

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:39, 28 February 2019
(No difference)

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==== '''This method is also called:''' ====
-==== '''This method is adapted from: <!-- Citation -->''' 2540 B and E of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater====
+==== '''This method is adapted from: <!-- Citation -->''' 2540 B and E of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater<ref>{{Cite book|title=Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater|last=Rice1, Baird2, Eaton3, Clesceri4|first=Eugene1, Baird2, Eaton3, Clesceri4|publisher=American Public Health Association|year=2012|isbn=978087553-013-0|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=2-64}}</ref>====
 == Discussion ==<!-- Discuss the purpose, the suitability of the method for certain situations, and the fundamentals science behind the method.-->
-== Equipment ==<!-- Any tubes, pipette tips ect. -->
+== Materials and Equipment ==<!-- Any tubes, pipette tips ect. -->
-==Reagents==<!-- Test kits go here if used-->
+·        Drying Oven – e.g. Fisher Scientific Isotemp Oven
-{| class="wikitable sortable"
-|-
+·        Muffle Furnace – e.g. Lindberg Blue Box Furnace
-! Reagent
-! Concentration
+·        Gloves for handling hot samples in oven
-! Units
-! CAS Number
+·        Desiccator (with color indicator desiccant)
-|-
-| <!-- Common Name-->
+·        Mass Scale (use the same scale throughout)
-| <!-- A value-->
-| <!-- By weight or volume? g/L, Mol, ect..-->
+·        25 ml serological pipette
-| <!-- Universal Identifier, regardless of manufacturer -->
-|}
+·        Motorized pipette
 ==Procedure==
 ==Common Mistakes==
@@ Line 35: / Line 67: @@
 ! Mistake
 ! Evidence of the Mistake
 ! Effect on Results
 |-
+| Opening Dessicator too rapidly when retrieving crucibles
-| <!-- (How can you tell if the mistake has been made?)(How can you tell if the mistake has been made?) -->
+| Material gets blown out of the crucible<!-- (How can you tell if the mistake has been made?)(How can you tell if the mistake has been made?) -->
-| <!-- (Higher, lower, flatline?) -->
+|Vacuum develops in the dessicator while samples are cooling and results in an in rush of air
 |}
 ==Precision and Sources of Error==